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In the figure above, you can see one of the bands in the housing of the transmission. The next figure shows the alternating layers of clutch friction material and steel plates. The bands in a transmission are, literally, steel bands that wrap around sections of the gear train and connect to the housing. The minor features of the recorder have been simplified by other inventors of late; for example, magnets of steel have been substituted for the electro-magnets which influence the swinging coil; and the ink, instead of being electrified by the mouse-mill, is shed on the paper by a rapid vibration of the siphon point. For example, if you connect a laptop via ports to the smartphone, the laptop is the host here. This transmission does something really neat in order to get the ratio needed for second gear. In order to improve efficiency, some cars have a mechanism that locks up the torque converter so that the output of the engine goes straight to the transmission.

If you read How Torque Converters Work, you learned about lockup torque converters. Fuses should be close to the power source (solar panel or battery), but additional fuses can protect devices from problems with DC-DC converters. An excessive amount of power could even ignite a fire, putting your home and loved ones in danger. With the arrangement in this gearset it is even easier - all we have to do is engage the clutches that lock each of the sun gears to the turbine. The small sun gets disconnected from the turbine by a clutch so that it can freewheel. Notice the rubber seal on the piston -- this is one of the components that is replaced when your transmission gets rebuilt. Below you can see the piston and the clutch drum. While still more expensive than conventional propane style heaters, the Heat Wave can pay for itself in a short amount of time by not having to re-fuel every day. To find out more about repossession equipment, hydraulics and other related topics, follow the links on the next page.

On August 30, 1999, the plant was sold to Sanmina SCI Systems, Inc. which operated it as a circuit board manufacturing plant for two years until it shut its doors finally in November 2002 putting 850 people out of work. There are several other ratios that can be gotten out of this planetary gear set, but these are the ones that are relevant to our automatic transmission. The big sun gear is held to the housing by a band so that it could not rotate. The shorter gears are engaged only by the smaller sun gear. Only the planet on the left engages the ring gear. If both sun gears turn in the same direction, the planet gears lockup because they can only spin in opposite directions. The small sun gear freewheels, and the larger sun gear is held by the overdrive band. The planet carrier turns 2.2 times for each rotation of the small sun gear. The first stage of the planet carrier actually uses the larger sun gear as the ring gear. It has one ring gear that is always the output of the transmission, but it has two sun gears and two sets of planets. The first set of planets engages the second set, and the second set turns the ring gear; this combination reverses the direction.

But the output direction is really the same as the input direction -- this is where the trick with the two sets of planets comes in. This locks the ring gear to the planets and causes everything to spin as a unit, producing a 1:1 ratio. You'll remember from the previous section that all we have to do to get a 1:1 output is lock together any two of the three parts of the planetary gear. Also, what is electric cable locking any two of the three components together will lock up the whole device at a 1:1 gear reduction. Notice that the first gear ratio listed above is a reduction -- the output speed is slower than the input speed. Nothing is connected to the turbine; the only input comes from the converter housing. Hydraulic pressure, routed into the cylinder by a set of valves, causes the pistons to push on the bands, locking that part of the gear train to the housing. The planet carrier is held by the reverse band to the housing. Notice how the planet on the right sits lower than the planet on the left.